As the 2024 US election approaches, it is important to consider the potential threat of conspiracy theories on the democratic process. Conspiracy theory narratives — aimed at evoking strong emotional responses — have the potential to distort public opinion and sway voter behaviour. Dr Ricky Green, a psychologist specialising in conspiracy theories and their consequences at Kent’s School of Psychology, shares advice for preventing conspiracy theories from influencing individuals’ US election votes.
‘In recent years, conspiracy theories surrounding significant events like the 6 January Capitol riot or the Covid-19 pandemic have undermined trust in institutions and increased political tensions. With conspiracy theories circulating so easily online, it is essential to approach information with greater discernment.’
Understand why conspiracy theories seem convincing
‘Conspiracy theories are psychologically appealing because they offer simple, emotionally charged explanations for complex events, particularly in times of uncertainty. These explanations play on our natural tendencies to believe things that align with what we already think or feel. By recognising how emotions and these tendencies play a role, you can better understand why conspiracy theories seem convincing.’
Fact check the information you encounter
‘One effective way to combat conspiracy theories is to carefully evaluate the information you encounter. Major news outlets and fact-checking websites like Snopes.com and FactCheck.org are useful tools for verifying claims. Taking the time to confirm the accuracy of information — especially when it feels sensational or aligns strongly with your own beliefs — can help reduce the risk of being misled.’
Recognise the tactics used by misinformation creators
‘To strengthen your resistance to conspiracy theories, try the interactive game Bad News, which exposes the tactics used by misinformation creators to manipulate public opinion. By understanding these tactics, you will be better equipped to spot conspiracy theories and ensure your vote is based on accurate, reliable information.’
Dr Ricky Green is an expert specialising in conspiracy theories and their consequences at Kent’s School of Psychology. He is currently working on the CONSPIRACY_FX project, exploring when and how conspiracy theories are influential. The project focuses on key contexts in which conspiracy theories have shown the most potential to shape people’s beliefs and behaviours: politics, vaccination, and climate change.