Dr Julie MacInnes PhD, MSc, BSc (Hons), Dip (HE) Nurs, PGCE, FHEA

Research Fellow

j.d.macinnes@kent.ac.uk
01227 816020

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I joined CHSS as a Research Fellow in the Integrated Care Research Unit (ICRU), in August 2016 with over 20 years’ experience in Health and Social Care.

I am currently working on a number of regional, national and international projects in integrated health and social care with Professor Jenny Billings. I am working with local Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) to evaluate integrated care in frail, older people with complex care needs, an end-of-life care pathway and intermediate care, and the Acute Response Team (ART) service in Thanet. In addition, I am working with Kent County Council to evaluate the effect of telecare on the independence of older people living at home and the decision-making process of telecare prescribers. I am also involved in the national evaluation of the New Care Models (Vanguards) and the SUSTAIN project - Sustainable, Tailored Integrated Care for Older People in Europe. I have also worked on the European Social Network Practice Analysis Project on integrated care services.

My main interests are in evaluating interventions to support older people with long-term health and social care needs. I am also interested in the psychological aspects of health and behaviour, notably the influence of beliefs on self-care behaviour in long-term conditions.

In 2011 I was awarded a PhD in Health and Social Care for the thesis; ‘Illness perceptions, treatment beliefs and the relationship to self-care in heart failure’. I have since worked on several collaborative research projects including an evaluation of an education programme of advanced communication in end of life care, an evaluation of the effectiveness of interventions by specialist heart failure nurses in enhancing self-care, and a project to implement and evaluate a programme of pulmonary rehabilitation in service users with COPD within a prison setting.

My expertise lies in mixed methodologies with an emphasis on questionnaire design, quantitative surveys and qualitative methods. I have experience in leading Masters Research programmes and am currently a PhD supervisor.

I was formerly a Principal Lecturer in Health and Wellbeing at Canterbury Christ Church University, a role which included research and learning and teaching, and prior to that a specialist Nurse in cardiac care. My qualifications include BSc (Hons) in Biological Science from the University of Reading, a Master’s degree in Health and Social Care and a Post-Graduate Certificate in Education (PGCE).

Awards
The Nursing Times Award for Innovative Practice (Respiratory Care), with HMP Maidstone and Oxleas NHS Foundation Trust (2013) for the implementation and evaluation of a programme of pulmonary rehabilitation in a prison setting.
The Royal College of Nursing (RCN) Akinsanya award for Innovation in Doctoral studies (2012), runner-up.
Professional Bodies
Fellow of the Higher Education Academy
NMC registered Nurse
Editorial Board member and reviewer British Journal of Cardiac Nursing

Reviewer for the International Journal of Integrated Care and the Journal of Integrated Care
Reviewer for SAGE publications
Former Chief External Examiner, University of Brighton

Also view these in the Kent Academic Repository

Articles

MacInnes, J., Billings, J. R., Coleman, A., Mikelyte, R., Croke, S., Allen, P. and Checkland, K. (2023) 'Scale and spread of innovation in health and social care: Insights from the evaluation of the New Care Model/Vanguard programme in England', Journal of Health Services Research and Policy. SAGE Publications, pp. 128-137. doi: 10.1177/13558196221139548.

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Objective: Little is known about how to achieve scale and spread beyond the early local adoption of an innovative health care programme. We use the New Care Model - or 'Vanguard' - programme in the English National Health Service to illuminate the process, assessing why only one of five Vanguard programmes was successfully scaled up. Methods: We interviewed a wide range of stakeholders involved in the Vanguard programme, including programme leads, provider organisations and policymakers. We also consulted relevant documentation. Results: A lack of direction near the end of the Vanguard programme, a lack of ongoing resources, and limited success in providing real-time monitoring and evaluation may all have contributed to the failure to scale and spread most of the Vanguard models. Conclusions: This programme is an example of the 'scale and spread paradox', in which localism was a key factor influencing the successful implementation of the Vanguards but ultimately limited their scale and spread.

Coleman, A., MacInnes, J., Mikelyte, R., Croke, S., Allen, P. and Checkland, K. (2022) 'What makes a socially skilled leader? Findings from the implementation and operation of New Care Models (Vanguards) in England', Journal of Health Organization and Management. doi: 10.1108/JHOM-02-2022-0037.

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Purpose: We argue that the concept of 'distributed leadership' lacks the specificity required to allow a full understanding of how change happens. We therefore utilise the 'Strategic Action Field Framework' (SAF) (Moulton and Sandfort 2017) as a more sensitive framework for understanding leadership in complex systems. We use the New Care Models (Vanguard) Programme as an exemplar. Design / methods: Using the SAF framework, we explored factors affecting whether and how local Vanguard initiatives were implemented in response to national policy, using a qualitative case study approach. We apply this to data from our focus groups and interviews with a variety of respondents in six case study sites, covering different Vanguard types between October 2018 and July 2019. Findings: While literature already acknowledges that leadership is not simply about individual leaders, but about leading together, this paper emphasises that a further interdependence exists between leaders and their organisational / system context. This requires actors to use their skills and knowledge within the fixed and changing attributes of their local context, to perform the roles (boundary spanning, interpretation and mobilisation) necessary to allow the practical implementation of complex change across a healthcare setting. Originality: The SAF framework was a useful framework within which to interrogate our data, but we found that the category of 'social skills' required further elucidation. By recognising the importance of an intersection between position, personal characteristics/behaviours, fixed personal attributes and local context, our work is novel.

Checkland, K., Hammond, J., Coleman, A., MacInnes, J., Mikelyte, R., Croke, S., Billings, J. R., Bailey, S. and Allen, P. (2021) '"Success" in policy piloting: process, programmes and politics', Public Administration. doi: 10.1111/padm.12790.

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Research has demonstrated that pilots contain multiple shifting purposes, not all of which relate to simple policy testing or refinement. Judging the success of policy pilots is therefore complex, requiring more than a simple judgement against declared goals. Marsh and McConnell provide a framework against which policy success can be judged, distinguishing programme success from process and political success. We adapt Boven's modification of this framework and apply it to policy pilots, arguing that pilot process, outcomes and longer term effects can all be judged in both programme and political terms. We test this new framework in a pilot programme in the English National Health Service, the Vanguard programme, showing how consideration of these different aspects of success sheds light on the programme and its aftermath. We consider the implications of the framework for the comprehensive and multi-faceted evaluation of policy pilots.

Ambugo, E. A., De Bruin, S. R., Masana, L., MacInnes, J., Mateu, N. C., Hagen, T. and Arrue, B. (2021) 'A Cross-European Study of Informal Carers' Needs in the Context of Caring for Older People, and their Experiences with Professionals Working in Integrated Care Settings', International Journal of Integrated Care. Available at: http://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.5547.

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Introduction: Informal carers are increasingly relied on for support by older people and the health and social care systems that serve them. It is therefore important that health and social care professionals are knowledgeable about and responsive to informal carers' needs. This study explores informal carers' own needs within the context of caregiving; and examines, from the informal carers' perspective, the extent to which professionals assess, understand and are responsive to informal carers' needs.

Wilson, P., Billings, J., MacInnes, J., Mikelyte, R., Welch, E. and Checkland, K. (2021) 'Investigating the nature and quality of locally commissioned evaluations of the NHS Vanguard programme: an evidence synthesis', Health Research Policy and Systems. doi: 10.1186/s12961-021-00711-3.

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Background: With innovation in service delivery increasingly viewed as crucial to the long-term sustainability of health systems, NHS England launched an ambitious new model of care (Vanguard) programme in 2015. Supported by a £350 million transformation fund, 50 Vanguard sites were to act as pilots for innovation in service delivery, to move quickly to change the way that services were delivered, breaking down barriers between sectors and improving the coordination and delivery of care.Methods: As part of a national evaluation of the Vanguard programme, we conducted an evidence synthesis to assess the nature and quality of locally commissioned evaluations. With access to a secure, online hub used by the Vanguard and other integrated care initiatives, two researchers retrieved any documents from a locally commissioned evaluation for inclusion. All identified documents were downloaded and logged, and details of the evaluators, questions, methodological approaches and limitations in design and/or reporting were extracted. As included evaluations varied in nature and type, a narrative synthesis was undertaken.Results: We identified a total of 115 separate reports relating to the locally commissioned evaluations. Five prominent issues relating to evaluation conduct were identified across included reports: use of logic models, number and type of evaluation questions posed, data sharing and information governance, methodological challenges and evaluation reporting in general. A combination of resource, data and time constraints means that evaluations often attempted to but did not fully address the wide range of questions posed by individual Vanguards.Conclusions: Significant investment was made in independent local evaluations of the Vanguard programme by NHS England. This synthesis represents the only comprehensive attempt to capture methodological learning and may serve as a key resource for researchers and policy-makers seeking to understand investigating large-scale system change, both within the NHS and internationally.

MacInnes, J., Gadsby, E. W., Reynolds, J., Cayuelas Mateu, N., Lette, M., Ristl, C. and Billings, J. R. (2020) 'Exploring the team climate of health and social care professionals implementing integrated care for older people in Europe', International Journal of Integrated Care. Ubiquity Press. doi: 10.5334/ijic.5467.

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Background and problem statement: Team climate describes shared perceptions of organisational policies, practices and procedures. A positive team climate has been linked to better interprofessional collaboration and quality of care. Most studies examine team climate within health or social care organisations. This study uniquely explores the team climate of integrated health and social care teams implementing integrated care initiatives for older people in thirteen sites across seven European countries, and examines the factors which contribute to the development of team climate. Theory and methods: In a multiple case study design, data collected as part of the European SUSTAIN (Sustainable Tailored Integrated Care for Older People in Europe) project were analysed. The short-form Team Climate Inventory (TCI-14) was administered before and after implementation of the integrated care initiatives. Qualitative data was used to explain the changes in TCI-14 scores over time. Results and discussion: Overall, team climate was found to be high and increased over time in eight of the thirteen sites. The development of a shared vision was associated with a strong belief in the value and feasibility of the initiative, clear roles and responsibilities, and a reflective approach. Strong inter-personal relationships, shared decision-making, and high levels of commitment and motivation contributed to the development of participative safety. Support for innovation increased when staff had the 'space' and time to work together. Conclusion: This mixed methods study offers significant insights into the development and maintenance of team climate in complex, integrated care systems in Europe.

MacInnes, J., Gadsby, E., Reynolds, J., Nuria, C., Lette, M., Haeusler, C. and Billings, J. (2020) 'Exploring the team climate of health and social care professionals implementing integrated care for older people in Europe', International Journal of Integrated Care. Ubiquity Press, pp. 1-13. doi: 10.5334/ijic.5467.

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MacInnes, J., Baldwin, J. and Billings, J. R. (2020) 'The Over 75 Service: Continuity of integrated care for older people in a United Kingdom primary care setting', International Journal of Integrated Care. Emerald. doi: 10.5334%2Fijic.5457.

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Continuity of care is concerned with quality of care over a period of time. It describes a process by which service users and their families are co-operatively involved with health and social care professionals in managing their care needs. Continuity of care can be divided into informational, managerial and relational and has been associated with improved user- and service-related outcomes. To date, there have been few studies which examine how continuity of care is developed and maintained in integrated primary care systems. This paper explores continuity of care in an integrated Over 75 Service for people living at home with complex health and social care needs. Using a case study approach, qualitative data was collected from multiple sources including interviews with managers and professionals, users and carers, care plans, steering group minutes and field notes. Data was analysed thematically. A number of factors are identified which characterise continuity of care, namely: information sharing through direct communication between providers and the development of trusted relationships within the team; identified care co-ordinators who acted as a conduit for information and communication; the development of ongoing relationships with users and carers requiring dedicated time and accessible and flexible services delivered in the users' own home.

Stoop, A., Lette, M., Ambugo, E. A., Gadsby, E. W., Goodwin, N., MacInnes, J., Minkman, M., Wistow, G., Zonnerveld, N., Nijpels, G. and others. (2020) 'Improving person-centredness in integrated care for older people: experiences from thirteen integrated care sites in Europe', International Journal of Integrated Care. Ubiquity Press. doi: 10.5334/ijic.5427.

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Introduction: Although person-centredness is a key principle of integrated care, successfully embedding and improving person-centred care for older people remains a challenge. In the context of a cross-European project on integrated care for older people living at home, the objective of this paper is to provide insight at an overarching level, into activities aimed at improving person-centredness within the participating integrated care sites. The paper describes experiences with these activities from the service providers' and service users' perspectives. Methods: A multiple embedded case study design was conducted that included thirteen integrated care sites for older people living at home. Results: Service providers were positive about the activities that aimed to promote person-centred care and thought that most activities (e.g. comprehensive needs assessment) positively influenced person-centredness. Experiences of service users were mixed. For some activities (e.g. enablement services), discrepancies were identified between the views of service providers and those of service users. Discussion and conclusion: Evaluating activities aimed at promoting person-centredness from both the service providers' and service users' perspectives showed that not all efforts were successful or had the intended consequences for older people. Involvement of older people in designing improvement activities could ensure that care and support reflect their needs and preferences, and build positive experiences of care and support.

MacInnes, J. (2020) 'Care navigators decision-making in prescribing Telecare for older people', Health and Social Care in the Community. Wiley. doi: 10.1111/hsc.13066.

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This aim of this study was to explore the decision-making process of Care Navigators in prescribing Telecare for older people living at home. The study took place in the South of England. A structured model of decision-making was used as the theoretical framework and a qualitative approach was employed. Care Navigators (n=7), acting on behalf of the Local Authority as 'external trusted assessors' were interviewed according to a semi-structured interview schedule. Documentary evidence of decision-making (Telecare Reasoning Forms) (n=10), were also analysed and added to the interview data. The main themes identified were the process of decision-making, training needs, and the support of Care Navigators and partnership working. Care Navigators adopted a complex decision-making process involving information gathering, information synthesis, consideration of alternatives to Telecare and implementation. Decision-making has a strong ethical dimension, especially around funding. Training focused on the functioning and technical aspects of equipment. However, other training needs were identified in order to support decision-making, for example, assessing mental capacity. Peer support networks were valuable to Care Navigators and they developed good relationships with social care and Telecare provider staff. However, professionals making referrals to the Care Navigators for Telecare often did not understand their role or funding eligibility. In conclusion, Care Navigators are well-placed to prescribe Telecare in terms of knowledge and decision-making skills. Comprehensive training is necessary in order to support decision-making. Peer support and education of professionals referring for Telecare is also advocated.

MacInnes, J., Jaswal, S. K., Mikelyte, R. and Billings, J. R. (2020) 'Implementing an Integrated Acute Response Service: Professional Perceptions of Intermediate Care', Journal of Integrated Care. Emerald. doi: 10.1108/JICA-03-2020-0016.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the implementation, care processes and sustainability of an integrated, intermediate Acute Response Team (ART) service. The primary aims of the service are to enhance the level of health and social care integration across a range of organisations, to ensure a timelier and appropriate service for people in the community at risk of admission to hospital. Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative methodology was employed in order to gain a deep understanding of the experiences of staff members within the ART service and external stakeholders. Twenty-one professionals took part in a focus group or one-to-one interviews. Data were analysed thematically. Findings: The key to successful implementation was that the service was co-created from the "ground-up" with support from local provider organisations. The inclusion of general practitioners (GPs) as part of the team was instrumental in setting up and maintaining the service and seems to be unique in intermediate care settings. Referrals into the ART service were dependent on awareness of the service at the interface with mainstream services. Transitions out were sometimes delayed due lack of availability of social care packages. To ensure sustainability of the ART and other integrated intermediate care services, continued resources, especially skilled staff members, are necessary. Originality/value: This study adds to the intermediate care and acute response service literature by offering insights into "what works" from a professional perspective in terms of service implementation, care processes and sustainability, in an integrated care system.

Coleman, A., Billings, J., Allen, P., Mikelyte, R., Croke, S., MacInnes, J. and Checkland, K. (2020) 'Ambiguity and Conflict in Policy Implementation: The Case of the New Care Models (Vanguard) Programme in England', Journal of Social Policy. Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/S0047279420000082.

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Policy driven change is challenging, with a significant gap between theory and practice. A key tension in enacting such change is achieving a balance between bottom-up development of local, context-specific approaches, and top-down, centrally determined policy solutions and their mutual sequencing. Ideal type models of the policy-making process envisage a rational ordered approach, driven by evidence and accompanied by ongoing evaluation of outcomes (Parsons, 1995, p77); however, the reality is far more complex. We examine the implementation and early operation of the New Care Models (NCM) Vanguard programme in England, using Matland's (1995) ambiguity-conflict model, to explore the aims and expectations of the programme. We consider the relationship between top-down and bottom-up approaches to policy development and draw attention to the pressures coming from what was initially perceived as a permissive policy approach of encouraging experimentation, whilst also requiring rapid learning, scale and spread. We suggest that future programmes for large-scale policy implementation initiatives could be crafted differently to take account of the environment of implementation and render ambitions more realistic. Rather than aiming to create a set of definite products and templates, it may be that a set of principles for design and implementation should be developed and spread.

Billings, J. R., Mikelyte, R., Coleman, A., MacInnes, J., Allen, P., Croke, S. and Checkland, K. (2020) 'Supporting integrated care in practice: Perceptions of a national support programme for the development of New Care Models in England', Journal of Integrated Care. Emerald, pp. 27-40. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/JICA-05-2019-0018.

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Purpose: This paper investigates the perceptions of key informants on a national support programme for the development of New Care Models in England (2015/16 to 2017/18). It focuses on the perceived facilitators and barriers affecting the development and implementation of the New Care Models programme and offers some insight into the role of national level support in enabling local integration initiatives. Design/methodology/approach: A set of 29 interviews were carried out with a variety of respondents at the national level (including current and past programme leads, strategic account managers, advisors to the programme and external regulators) between October 2017 and March 2018, and analysed thematically. Findings: A set of facilitative elements of the programme were identified: the development of relationships and alliances, strong local and national leadership, the availability of expert knowledge and skills, and additional funding. Challenges to success included perceived expectations from the national Vanguard programme, oversight and performance monitoring, engagement with regulators, data availability and quality, as well as timetables and timescales. Crucially, the facilitators and challenges were found to interact in dynamic and complex ways, which resulted in significant tensions and ambiguities within the support programme. Originality/value: The paper demonstrates that analysis of facilitators and challenges with respect to the national support of implementation of integrated care initiatives should move beyond the focus on separate influencing factors and address the tensions that the complex interplay among these factors create.

MacInnes, J., Baldwin, J. and Billings, J. R. (2019) 'Think local, act personal: lessons from an integrated primary care initiative for frail, older people', International Journal of Integrated Care. Ubiquity Press, p. 408. doi: 10.5334/ijic.s3408.

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MacInnes, J. and Williams, L. (2019) 'A review of Integrated Heart Failure Care', Primary Health Care Research and Development. Sage. doi: 10.1017/S1463423618000312.

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Aim: The aim of this integrative review is to determine the effectiveness of integrated heart failure (HF) care in terms of patient-, service- and resource-related outcomes, and to determine what model or characteristics of integrated care work best, for whom and in what contexts. Background: Integration of health and social care services is a significant driver in the development of better and more cost-effective health and social care systems in Europe and developed countries. As high users of health and social care services, considerable attention has been paid to the care of people with long-term conditions. HF is a progressive, prevalent and disabling condition, requiring complex management involving multiple health and social care agencies. Methods: An integrative review was conducted according to a framework by Whittemore and Knafl (2005). A literature search was undertaken using the databases: Medline, CINAHL, Embase, PsychINFO and the Cochrane Library, using key words of 'heart failure' OR 'cardiac failure' AND 'integrated' OR 'multidisciplinary' OR 'interdisciplinary' OR 'multiprofessional' OR 'interprofessional' OR 'collaborative care'. Application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in 17 articles being included in the review. Articles were screened and coded for methodological quality according to a two-point criteria. Data were extracted using a template and analysed thematically. Findings: Integrated HF care results in enhanced quality of life (QoL), and improved symptom control and self-management. Reduced admission rates, reduced length of hospital stay, improved prescribing practices and better care co-ordination are also reported. There is more limited evidence for improved efficiency although overall costs may be reduced. Although findings are highly context dependent, key features of integrated HF models are: liaison between primary and secondary care services to facilitate planned discharge, early and medium term follow-up, multidisciplinary patient education and team working including shared professional education, and the development and implementation of comprehensive care pathways.

Monographs

MacInnes, J., Jeffery, S., Bertini, L. and Walker, S. (2021) A qualitative evaluation of East Surrey Integrated Care Partnership Hospital Discharge Programme. Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent.

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This report details the findings of a rapid, qualitative service evaluation on the impact of the East Surrey Integrated Care Partnership Hospital Discharge Programme (HDP) on individuals and families as well as for the staff and organisations involved.

Research reports (external)

Checkland, K., Coleman, A., Croke, S., Billings, J. R., Mikelyte, R., MacInnes, J. and Allen, P. (2021) National Evaluation of the Vanguard New Care Models Programme Report of qualitative case studies: understanding system change. The University of Manchester. Available at: https://prucomm.ac.uk/assets/uploads/NCM_qualitative_case_study_report.pdf.

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Checkland, K., Coleman, A., Billings, J. R., MacInnes, J., Mikelyte, R., Laverty, L. and Allen, P. (2019) National evaluation of the Vanguard new care models programme interim report: understanding the national support programme. University of Manchester. Available at: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/national-evaluation-of-the-vanguard-new-care-models-programme(82d5187d-38ee-4ef5-a264-89af2df7e0d0).html.

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MacInnes, J., Jaswal, S. K., Mikelyte, R. and Billings, J. R. (2018) Service Evaluation of the Acute Response Team (ART). CHSS: Canterbury.

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Conference or workshop items

MacInnes, J., Frere-Smith, K., Jones, B., Eida, T., Abrahamson, V., Sharp, R. and Gage, H. (2022) 'The COV-VOL project: The impact of community, charitable and voluntary organisations in supporting older people during the Covid-19 pandemic. Lessons learnt and implications for integrated health and care systems', in, p. 76. doi: 10.5334/ijic.ICIC22033.

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MacInnes, J., Jaswal, S. K., Mikelyte, R. and Billings, J. R. (2019) 'An evaluation of an integrated intermediate acute response team (ART) in delivering person-centred, co-ordinated care', in. Ubiquity Press. doi: 10.5334/ijic.s3406.

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Billings, J. R., MacInnes, J., Jaswal, S. K. and Mikelyte, R. (2017) 'South Kent Coast CCG:Research & Evaluation Workstreams', in. South Kent Coast Health and Wellbeing Board.

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In collaboration with local providers, South Kent Coast (SKC) CCG have been developing programmes focusing on supporting integrated health and social care initiatives. A research team at CHSS introduced a light touch" evaluations to address the following aims and objectives: 1. Help SKC CCG and local providers to develop in-house evaluation skills 2. Enable the continuous improvement of initiatives by producing timely evidence identifying strengths and weaknesses 3. Create transferable information through this evidence and the associated evidence scans to key stakeholders in SKC

Confidential reports

MacInnes, J. (2018) Evaluation of the telecare service for older adults in kent. Kent County Council.

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Others

Billings, J. R., Rees-Roberts, M., MacInnes, J., Saloniki, E.-C., Jaswal, S. K., Mikelyte, R. and Borthwick, R. (2021) 'Lay Project Summary. Enhancing Depression & Anxiety Care: Combining a Walk-In Clinic and Remote Symptom Tracking'. CHSS, University of Kent.

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Billings, J. R., Rees-Roberts, M., MacInnes, J., Saloniki, E.-C., Jaswal, S. K., Mikelyte, R. and Borthwick, R. (2021) 'Executive Summary. Service Evaluation: Optimising the Depression Pathway Enabled by Novel Digital Assessment Technology'. CHSS, University of Kent.

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Showing 25 of 28 total publications in KAR. [See all in KAR]

Information obtained from the Kent Academic Repository. The University of Kent official repository of academic activity.

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My motivation for mentoring

My motivation for mentoring is the desire to ‘give back’, having had positive experiences of being a mentee during my career. This experience has been invaluable and I am grateful to those individuals who were willing to give up their time to support my development. I appreciate the value that a mentor can add and would like to enable others to benefit from the experience. As a result of a varied career, I have realised that personal and professional transitions can be particularly challenging times. Colleagues may need support in moving between clinical, academic and research-focused roles or between full- and part-time working as a result of family commitments, whether this is caring for children or ageing parents. Maintaining a work-life balance is particularly important – as is keeping a sense of humour!

My mentoring style

My mentoring style is facilitative and informal and I have a genuine interest in the work and research of others. I am good at listening and asking questions when necessary, to prompt new understanding. I believe that personal and professional growth can come from challenging accepted ways of thinking and working and can support mentees in developing their skills and in planning their career pathways.

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CHSS

Dr Julie MacInnes PhD, MSc, BSc (Hons), Dip (HE) Nurs, PGCE, FHEA

COV-VOL: Community-based volunteering in response to COVID-19

SUSTAIN - sustainable tailored integrated care for older people in Europe

Innovate: optimising the depression pathway through novel digital assessment technology

The new models of care Vanguard programme in England:national programme evaluation

My motivation for mentoring

My mentoring style

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